To date there is no multilingual dictionary of fencing terminology.
Although Maestro Gaugler's booklet is a good start,
it contains only French and Italian terminology, with translations to and
explanations in English, and it is not too useful for quickly
finding a translation.
For example the term coupé is not present as a keyword.
Here is a dictionary concentrating on the translation of fencing
terms in the languages
English,
Francais,
Deutsch and
Nederlands.
Short explanations are given at least in English, but in some cases also in
other languages.
This dictionary only contains contemporary fencing terminology.
This means that a word like dragonne is not included. The
rapier, let alone the case of rapiers, is not mentioned. Arbitrary
exceptions are made for e.g. the sabre parry of septime.
Furthermore only terminology from sport fencing, or Olympic fencing
is listed. This is not to deprecate historical fencing, re-enactment
fencing, SCA-fencing, canne de combat, and all the other sports or
activities that could claim some right on using the word fencing.
Relevant terminology from those domains may well be added at some
later time, but right now we have to draw the line somewhere, if only
to get the job finished.
Parries are described according to the French numbering system.
Nothing bad about the Italian system, but I was taught according to
the French school. Since the English, the Dutch and many of the
Germans are accustomed to the French parry system this seems a fair
restriction.
Of course the decision into which category some concept falls is often
arbitrary, but it may be needed on some rare occasions, such as in the
translation(s) of the French word flèche.
The dictionary is presented in two separate
forms. The first one is the reference dictionary, containing all terms
and all definitions in all languages. It is sorted on category
first and on the unique keyword second. The keyword is
rather arbitrary; usually it is either the English or the French word.
Fencing terminology is a bit of a mess. Ask any two fencing masters to
explain a certain fencing term to you and you may well get two
different answers.
The main, although not the only, cause of this confusion stems from
the fact that the styles of the original French and Italian schools
were different. An excellent treatise that lifts some of the fog is
Wort und Sinn,
which I can highly recommend if you can get hold of a copy. That
this work is in German is hardly surprising, since German fencing
seems to have suffered (in a linguistic sense) most under a mixed
French-Italian influence. The German word Bindung can be
translated as either engagement or bind.
Various fencing texts disagree as to the exact meaning of concepts
like croisé or flanconnade, just to mention a
few.
Ideally all questionable translations and definitions should be
accompanied by references to well-respected fencing texts and
explanations on how to read the translation. This approach would also
cause this dictionary to stay unfinished for another couple of years.
In most cases I have attempted to select the most appropriate
translation, but that selection was directed by my background in the
French system.
I have primarily made the choice for official terminology, using the
various translations of the FIE Reglement.
I have also given preferential treatment to purist terminology.
The purist Dutch word for riposte is nasteek or
nahouw, but hardly any Dutch fencer uses these words;
some may even not know them.
However, when I have the impression that some unofficial or non-purist
word is used a lot I have included it.
Did you ever encounter a dictionary author? I am willing to bet he was
old and grey, had started his dictionary in his teens, and had
nearly finished it.
A dictionary is never finished. Only some publication deadline may
force the author to make a snapshot ready for printing, but more work
always remains to be done.
This dictionary is not a lot different. A lot of extra work can still
be done. A list of enhancements, more or less in order of
perceived priority, follows:
This may take many years, but here you have a snapshot of the current
state of affairs. At my last count the dictionary contained about 150
entries. Let's hope that this number has doubled in a year's time and
that at least one more language has been added.
Anyone wanting to contribute should request
the fencing dictionary in XML, the XSL stylesheets that produce the
HTML files, and a Bourne shell script that calls the Xalan processor
to perform the transformations with the correct parameters.
If you want to play with this material, have fun. If you are a Windows
user you may want to use Instant Saxon rather than
Xalan. It is easier to install and does the job just as well.
The way to call it is slightly different from what Xalan wants, but it
comes with enough documentation to get you up and running.
arrest
|
category: attacks |
en:
arrest
|
see stop-hit.
|
de:
Vorhieb
|
sehe Arret.
|
nl:
voorsteek of voorhouw
|
zie ophoudsteek.
|
|
attack_on_prep
|
category: attacks |
en:
attack on preparation
|
attack made on the opponent's preparatory movements,
such as advancing, engaging or binding.
|
fr:
attaque sur la préparation
|
|
de:
Angriff auf Vorbereitung
|
|
nl:
aanval op de voorbereiding
|
|
|
bingo
|
category: attacks |
de:
Bingo
|
sehe Wurfstoß. Nicht jeder liebt dieses Wort.
|
|
compound_attack
|
category: attacks |
en:
compound attack
|
offensive action consisting of two or more blade movements.
The first movements are feints, although the Italian school
also includes actions on the blade and renewals.
|
fr:
attaque composé
|
|
de:
Zusammengesetzte Angriff
|
|
nl:
samengestelde aanval
|
|
|
countertime
|
category: attacks |
en:
counter-time
|
the action of drawing the opponent's stop-hit or other
counteroffensive action, parrying it and riposting from
that parry.
Every action made by the attacker against a stop hit made by the opponent.
|
fr:
contre-temps
|
|
de:
Kontrotempo
|
|
nl:
contre-temps
|
|
|
doubler
|
category: attacks |
en:
doublé
|
attack with feint by disengagement to deceive a circular parry.
|
fr:
doublé ou doublement
|
|
de:
Kreisfinte
|
|
nl:
doublé
|
|
|
false_attack
|
category: attacks |
en:
false attack
|
an incompletely developed attack, either intended to probe
the opponents plans and preferences, or to set him up for an
unexpected renewal of the attack.
|
fr:
faux attaque
|
|
de:
Falscher Angriff?
|
|
nl:
faux attaque
|
|
|
feint
|
category: attacks |
en:
feint
|
a simulated thrust or menace intended to draw the opponent's
parry, in order to touch him in another line.
|
fr:
feinte
|
|
de:
Finte
|
|
nl:
schijn, schijnsteek, schijnhouw
|
|
|
flanconade
|
category: attacks |
en:
flanconade
|
A rather unclear terminology. The flanconade (or flanconnade)
is definitely a glide to the flank (outside low line), but in
other details the description are conflicting.
The Italian school distinguishes three types: the flanconade in 4th,
the internal flanconade and the flanconade in 2nd.
The flanconade in 4th or external flanconade consists of a croisé
from engagement in 4th to 7th, followed by a glide.
Some older descriptions (Angelo, La Boussiére) start with an
incomplete bind from 4th to 8th and appear to rely on the left arm
to deflect the opponent's blade.
|
fr:
flanconade (attaque avec croisé)
|
|
de:
Flankonade
|
|
nl:
flanconade
|
|
|
flick
|
category: attacks |
en:
flick
|
a kind of coupé in which the compliance of the blade is used
to bend the tip around a parry, either by contact with the parry or by
suddenly stopping the whip-like motion with the wrist.
Some fencing teachers would like it banned.
|
fr:
coup fouetté
|
|
de:
Wurfstoß (Bingo)
|
Ähnlich dem Coupé, jedoch bei Abwesenheit der gegnerische Klinge.
Die Spitze der Waffe wird durch die Wurfbewegung so beschleunigt,
dass sie entweder über die gegnerische Klinge oder durch stoppen im
Handgelenk auf die Trefffläche schwappt.
|
nl:
zwiepsteek
|
|
|
stop-hit
|
category: attacks |
en:
stop-hit or arrest
|
a counterattack intended to interrupt completion of a compound
attack, "stealing the tempo".
|
fr:
arrêt
|
|
de:
Arret oder Vorhieb
|
|
nl:
ophoudsteek, voorsteek of voorhouw
|
|
|
fencing
|
category: basic |
en:
fencing
|
the science and art of handling the sword
|
fr:
escrime
|
|
de:
Fechten
|
|
nl:
schermen
|
|
|
weapon
|
category: basic |
en:
weapon
|
|
fr:
arme
|
|
de:
Waffe
|
|
nl:
wapen
|
|
|
banderolle
|
category: blade actions |
en:
banderolle cut
|
Diagonal cut with edge or false edge or even (modern) with the
"flat" of the point. The point describes a kind
of ellipse reminiscent of a circular tierce.
|
fr:
coup banderolle
|
|
de:
Durchgezogene Bauchhieb
|
|
nl:
coup banderolle (sjerphouw?)
|
|
|
battement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
beat
|
|
fr:
battement
|
|
de:
Klingenschlag oder Battuta
|
|
nl:
slag-ijzer of slag-wapen
|
|
|
battuta
|
category: blade actions |
de:
Battuta
|
sehe Klingenschlag.
|
|
bind
|
category: blade actions |
en:
bind
|
the action of carrying the opponent's blade from one engagement
to one diagonally opposed, e.g. from 4th to 2nd or 8th.
|
fr:
liement
|
|
de:
Transport oder Übertragung
|
|
nl:
binding, bindsteek
|
|
|
bindung
|
category: blade actions |
de:
Bindung
|
|
|
circular_beat
|
category: blade actions |
en:
circular beat
|
|
fr:
battement en changeant de linie
|
|
de:
Kreisschlag oder Kreisbattuta
|
|
nl:
kringslag
|
|
|
croise
|
category: blade actions |
en:
croisé
|
the action that carries the opponents blade from high to low line,
keeping it on the same side.
|
fr:
croisé
|
|
de:
Croisé
|
|
nl:
croisé
|
|
|
cut
|
category: blade actions |
en:
cut
|
|
fr:
coup de taille, coup de tranchant
|
|
de:
Hieb
|
|
nl:
houw
|
|
|
cut_head
|
category: blade actions |
en:
cut to the head
|
|
fr:
coup de tête
|
|
de:
Kopfhieb
|
|
nl:
houw-kop
|
|
|
cutover
|
category: blade actions |
en:
cutover
|
the action of changing the line by passing the blade over the
point of the opposing weapon.
|
fr:
coupé
|
|
de:
Coupé
|
|
nl:
coupé
|
|
|
derobement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
disengagement in time
|
the evasion of the opponent's attempt to take the blade
with a bind or beat.
|
fr:
dérobement
|
|
de:
Kavation ins Tempo
|
|
nl:
dérobement
|
|
|
disengagement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
disengagement
|
a (small) semicircular movement of the point which carries the blade
to a neighbouring line of the one it leaves.
|
fr:
dégagement
|
|
de:
Umgehung oder Kavation
|
|
nl:
dégagement of (onvolledig) "onderdoor"
|
|
|
engagement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
engagement
|
the situation where the two blades are in contact.
|
fr:
engagement
|
|
de:
Klingenberührung oder auch Bindung
|
Das Wort 'engagement' wird meistens benutzt für die Lage der
Klingenberührung, und 'Bindung' für den Beginn eines Filos, aber
man hört auch: "fangen wir an in Sixtbindung".
|
nl:
aansluiting
|
|
|
enveloppement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
envelopment
|
the action of taking the opponent's blade (strong against weak)
and performing two successive binds in one motion, thus returning
to the original line of engagement.
Usually the action ends in a thrust.
|
fr:
enveloppement
|
|
de:
Kreistransport
|
|
nl:
dubbele binding
|
|
|
expulsion
|
category: blade actions |
en:
expulsion
|
see grazing beat.
|
|
filostoss
|
category: blade actions |
de:
Filostoß
|
sehe Gleitstoß.
|
|
froissement
|
category: blade actions |
en:
grazing beat or expulsion
|
powerful sliding or grazing beat on the blade.
|
fr:
froissement
|
|
de:
Gleitschlag
|
|
nl:
strijkslag
|
|
|
glide
|
category: blade actions |
en:
glide
|
a thrust which glides along the adverse blade,
keeping it in opposition.
|
fr:
coulé
|
|
de:
Gleitstoß oder Filostoß
|
|
nl:
glijsteek
|
|
|
kavation
|
category: blade actions |
de:
Kavation
|
|
|
reverse_cut
|
category: blade actions |
en:
reverse cut
|
a cut delivered with the reverse edge of the blade.
|
fr:
coup de contre-taille
|
|
de:
Rückschneidehieb
|
|
nl:
houw met ruggescherp
|
|
|
thrust
|
category: blade actions |
en:
thrust
|
|
fr:
coup de point
|
|
de:
Stoß
|
|
nl:
steek
|
|
|
uebertragung
|
category: blade actions |
de:
Übertragung
|
sehe Transport.
|
|
allez
|
category: bout |
en:
fence!
|
|
fr:
allez!
|
|
de:
Los!
|
|
nl:
trekt!
|
|
|
analysis
|
category: bout |
en:
analysis
|
As soon as the bout has stopped, the Referee briefly analyzes
the actions that compose the final phrase d'armes.
After reaching his decision regarding the materiality of a touch,
the Referee, by applying the rules, decides to which fencer
a touch is to be awarded, whether both are touched (épée)
or if there is no valid touch.
|
fr:
analyse
|
Dès l'arrêt du combat, l'arbitre analyse brièvement
les actions composant la dernière phrase d'armes.
Après le constat sur la matérialité de la touche l'arbitre décide,
par application des règles, quel tireur est touché,
s'ils doivent l'être tous les deux (pour l'épée) ou
si aucune touche n'est retenue.
|
de:
Analyse
|
|
nl:
analyse
|
|
|
annulment
|
category: bout |
en:
annulment
|
|
fr:
annulation
|
|
de:
Annullierung
|
|
nl:
annulering
|
|
|
|
assaut
|
category: bout |
en:
assault
|
A friendly combat between two fencers is called an assault.
|
fr:
assaut
|
Le combat courtois entre deux escrimeurs (ou tireurs) est un "assaut".
|
de:
Übungsgefecht
|
Der formgerechte Kampf zwischen zwei Fechterinnen oder Fechtern
heißt "assaut" (Übungsgefecht).
|
nl:
assaut
|
Het hoffelijke gevecht tussen twee schermers wordt een "assaut" genoemd.
|
|
attack
|
category: bout |
en:
attack
|
The attack is the initial offensive action made by extending the arm
and continuously threatening the opponent's target, preceding the
launching of the lunge or flèche.
|
fr:
attaque
|
L'attaque est l'action offensive initiale exécutée en allongeant le bras
et menaçant continuellement la surface valable de l'adversaire,
précédant le déclenchement de la fente ou de la flèche.
|
de:
Angriff
|
Der Angriff ist die vor einer gegnerischen Aktion beginnende
Offensivaktion, die ausgeführt wird, indem man vor Beginn des
Ausfalls oder des Sturzangriffs den Arm streckt und die gültige
Trefffläche des Gegners ununterbrochen bedroht.
|
nl:
aanval
|
De aanval is de aanvallende handeling die begint met het uitstrekken
van de gewapende arm waarbij het geldig trefvlak van de tegenstander
voortdurend wordt bedreigd, dit gaat vooraf aan het doorzetten van
de aanval met de kling of met een flèche.
|
|
black_card
|
category: bout |
en:
black card
|
exclusion, from the competition or the whole tournament as
applicable (for a fencer), or expulsion from the competition venue
(any person disturbing the order of the competition), demonstrated
by a Black Card by which the Referee identifies the fencer or person
at fault.
|
fr:
carton noir
|
l'exclusion de l'épreuve ou du tournoi selon le cas (tireur),
ou l'expulsion du lieu de la compétition (toute personne troublant
l'ordre), manifestée par un CARTON NOIR avec lequel l'arbitre
désigne le fautif.
|
de:
Schwartze Karte
|
Ausschluß vom Wettbewerb oder vom Turnier, je nach Art des Verstoßes
(Fechter), oder Verweisung vom Ort des Wettbewerbs (jede die Ordnung
störende Person), angezeigt durch eine SCHWARZE KARTE, die der
Kampfleiter dem Schuldigen vorhält.
|
nl:
zwarte kaart
|
Uitsluiting van de wedstrijd of van het toernooi al naar gelang het
geval (schermer) of verwijdering van het terrein van de wedstrijd
(iedereen die de goede orde verstoort) aangegeven door een zwarte
kaart waarmee de jurypresident de overtreder aanwijst.
|
|
bout
|
category: bout |
en:
bout
|
When the score of an assault is kept to determine a result
it is called a bout.
|
fr:
match
|
lorsque l'on tient compte du résultat d'un combat (compétition)
on l'appelle "match".
|
de:
Gefecht
|
werden die Treffer gezählt, so heißt ein Assaut "Gefecht"
(Turnier- oder Rundengefecht).
|
nl:
partij
|
als het resultaat van een assaut meetelt (voor een wedstrijd)
heet het een "partij".
|
|
championship
|
category: bout |
en:
championship
|
A championship is the name given to a competition held to
determine the best fencer or the best team at each weapon
for a federation, for a specific region or for the world
and for a specific period of time.
|
fr:
championnat
|
Nom donné à une épreuve destinée à désigner le meilleur tireur
ou la meilleure équipe dans chaque arme, pour une fédération,
une région, le monde et pour une durée déterminée.
|
de:
Meisterschaft
|
Meisterschaft heißt ein Wettbewerb, der den Zweck hat,
in einer bestimmten Waffe den besten Fechter
oder die beste Mannschaft für einen bestimmten Verband,
für ein bestimmtes Gebiet und für einen bestimmten Zeitraum zu ermitteln.
|
nl:
kampioenschap
|
|
|
competition
|
category: bout |
en:
competition
|
A competition is the aggregate of the bouts (individual competitions)
or of the matches (team competitions) required to determine the winner
of the event.
|
fr:
épreuve
|
C'est l'ensemble des matches (épreuves individuelles) ou des rencontres
(épreuves par équipes) nécessaires pour désigner le vainqueur
de la compétition.
|
de:
Wettbewerb
|
Ein Wettbewerb ist die Gesamtheit aller für die Ermittlung des Siegers
der Fechtveranstaltung erforderlichen Gefechte (bei Einzelwettbewerben)
oder Mannschaftskämpfe (Mannschaftswettbewerbe).
|
nl:
wedstrijd
|
|
|
counter-riposte
|
category: bout |
en:
counter-riposte or counterparry riposte
|
The riposte given after the (successful) parry of a riposte.
|
fr:
contre-riposte
|
La contre-riposte est l'action offensive du tireur qui a paré la riposte.
|
de:
Konterriposte
|
Die Konterriposte ist die Offensivaktion des Fechters, der die
Riposte pariert hat.
|
nl:
contrariposte
|
|
|
counter_attack
|
category: bout |
en:
counter-attack
|
offensive or offensivedefensive action made during the offensive
action of the opponent.
|
fr:
contre-attaque
|
action offensive ou défensive-offensive exécutée pendant
l'offensive adverse
|
de:
Gegenangriff
|
offensive oder defensiv-offensive Aktion, die während des
gegnerischen Angriffs durchgeführt wird.
|
nl:
tegenaanval
|
|
|
directeur
|
category: bout |
fr:
directeur de combat
|
mot archaïque pour arbitre.
|
|
director
|
category: bout |
en:
director
|
Obsolete term for referee.
|
|
fencing_time
|
category: bout |
en:
time, fencing time
|
Fencing time is the time required to perform one simple fencing action.
|
fr:
temps d'escrime
|
Le temps d'escrime est la durée d'exécution d'une action simple.
|
de:
Fechttempo
|
Das Fechttempo ist die Zeitdauer für die Ausführung einer einfachen Aktion.
|
nl:
schermtempo
|
Het schermtempo is de tijdsduur van het uitvoeren van een enkelvoudige handeling.
|
|
gamepoint
|
category: bout |
en:
point
|
to win a game, collect 5 or 15 of these...
|
fr:
pointe
|
|
de:
Punkt
|
|
nl:
punt
|
|
|
halt
|
category: bout |
en:
halt!
|
|
fr:
halte!
|
|
de:
Halt!
|
|
nl:
halt!
|
|
|
hoofdsecondant
|
category: bout |
nl:
hoofdsecondant
|
verouderde term voor jurypresident.
|
|
injury
|
category: bout |
en:
injury
|
|
fr:
traumatisme
|
|
de:
Verletzung
|
|
nl:
blessure
|
|
|
invalid
|
category: bout |
en:
invalid
|
|
fr:
non valable
|
|
de:
Ungültig
|
|
nl:
ongeldig
|
|
|
judge
|
category: bout |
en:
judge
|
The Referee fulfils his or her functions with the aid of an
apparatus for the automatic registering of touches;
he or she may also be assisted by two judges watching for the
use of the unarmed hand or arm, substitution of the valid target,
touches scored on the floor at épée, reversal of the line of the
shoulders in foil, leaving the strip to the side or the rear or
any other offence defined in the Rules.
The judges are obligatory for all individual competition finals
(whether of 4 or 8 fencers) and for the final (2 teams) of team events.
The judges are placed on each side of the Referee,
on either side of the strip; they watch all aspects of the entire bout.
The judges must change ends halfway through each bout or after each
period so as not to watch the same fencer the whole time.
|
fr:
assesseur
|
|
de:
Seitenrichter
|
Der Kampfleiter trifft seine Entscheidungen mit der Assistenz eines
automatischen Trefferanzeigegerätes und von Fall zu Fall mit der Hilfe
von zwei Seitenrichtern, die den Gebrauch des unbewaffneten Armes
oder der unbewaffneten Hand, das Verdecken oder Ersetzen der gültigen
Trefffläche überwachen, im Degen von Treffern, die auf dem Boden gesetzt
wurden, im Florett das Verdrehen der Linie zwischen den Schultern
sowie das Verlassen der Bahn seitlich oder nach hinten oder jeden
anderen Verstoß, der im Reglement beschrieben ist.
Dies ist obligatorisch für alle Einzelfinalkämpfe (4 oder 8)
und das Finale bei Mannschaftskämpfen (2).
Die Assistenten werden auf beiden Seiten des Kampfleiters und
beiderseits der Bahn aufgestellt und verfolgen das Gefecht in
seiner Gesamtheit.
Die Assistenten müssen jeweils nach der Hälfte des Gefechtes oder
nach jedem Durchgang die Seiten wechseln, damit sie nicht immer
den gleichen Fechter zu beobachten haben .
|
nl:
assessor of jurylid
|
|
|
nasteek
|
category: bout |
nl:
riposte
|
zie nasteek.
|
|
obmann
|
category: bout |
de:
Obmann
|
altmodisch für Kampfleiter.
|
|
onguard
|
category: bout |
en:
on guard!
|
a command, given by the referee, ordering the fencers on guard
|
fr:
en garde!
|
|
de:
Stellung!
|
|
nl:
stelling!
|
|
|
parry
|
category: bout |
en:
parry
|
The parry is the defensive action made with the weapon
to prevent an offensive action arriving.
In this dictionary the names (numbers) of the parries are
given according to the French system.
|
fr:
parade
|
La parade est l'action défensive faite avec l'arme pour empêcher
une action offensive de toucher.
|
de:
Parade
|
Eine Parade ist die Defensivaktion, die mit der Waffe ausgeführt
wird, um einen Angriffstreffer zu verhindern.
|
nl:
wering
|
De parade is de verdedigende handeling met het wapen om een treffer,
resulterend uit een aanvallende handeling te verhinderen.
|
|
priority
|
category: bout |
en:
priority
|
sometimes called "right of way".
|
fr:
priorité
|
|
de:
Treffervorrecht
|
auch "Vorfahrt" oder "Angriffsvorrecht".
|
nl:
recht van aanval of voorrang
|
|
|
ready
|
category: bout |
en:
ready?
|
|
fr:
êtes vous près (prêtes)?
|
|
de:
Fertig?
|
|
nl:
klaar?
|
|
|
red_card
|
category: bout |
en:
red card
|
a penalty touch, demonstrated by a Red Card with which the Referee
identifies the fencer at fault. A touch is added to the score of
the opponent and may, if the last touch is at stake, lead to the
loss of the bout. Furthermore, a Red Card can only be followed by
another Red Card or by a Black Card, depending on the nature of
the second offence.
|
fr:
carton rouge
|
la touche de pénalisation, manifestée par un CARTON ROUGE avec lequel
l'arbitre désigne le tireur fautif. Une touche est ajoutée au score
de son adversaire et entraîne, s'il s'agit de la dernière touche,
la perte du match. De plus, tout CARTON ROUGE ne peut être suivi
que d'un autre CARTON ROUGE ou d'un CARTON NOIR selon la nature
de la nouvelle faute.
|
de:
Rote Karte
|
Straftreffer, angezeigt durch eine ROTE KARTE, die der Kampfleiter
dem schuldigen Fechter vorhält. Dies bedeutet, daß dem Trefferstand
des Gegners ein Treffer hinzugefügt wird. Falls dies der letzte
Treffer war, ist damit das Gefecht verloren. Hat ein Fechter im
Verlauf eines Gefechtes bereits eine ROTE KARTE erhalten, so ist
die Strafe bei weiteren Verstößen entweder eine ROTE oder eine
SCHWARZE KARTE, je nach Art des weiteren Verstoßes.
|
nl:
rode kaart
|
straftreffer, aangegeven door een rode kaart waarmee de jurypresident
de schermer in overtreding aanwijst. Een treffer wordt bijgeteld bij
de score van zijn tegenstander en als het hierbij om de laatste treffer
gaat, houdt dit in verlies van de partij.
Bovendien kan een rode kaart alleen maar worden gevolgd door een andere
rode kaart of door een zwarte kaart al naar gelang de zwaarte van de
volgende overtreding
|
|
redoublement
|
category: bout |
en:
redoublement
|
A new action, either simple or compound, made against an opponent
who has parried without riposting or who has merely avoided the
first action by retreating or displacing the target.
|
fr:
redoublement
|
Nouvelle action, simple ou composée, sur un adversaire qui a paré
sans riposter, ou qui a simplement évité la première action par
une retraite ou esquive.
|
de:
Wiederholung (redoublement)
|
neue einfache oder zusammengesetzte Aktion gegen einen Gegner,
der pariert hat, aber nicht ripostiert, oder der den ersten Angriff
lediglich durch Zurückweichen oder Ausweichen unwirksam gemacht hat.
|
nl:
hervatting, redoublement
|
een nieuwe handeling, enkelvoudig of samengesteld, op een tegenstander
die heeft geweerd zonder te riposteren of die eenvoudig de eerdere
handeling heeft ontweken door zich terug te trekken of door
een ontwijking.
|
|
referee
|
category: bout |
en:
referee
|
The person directing a bout. See FIE Ch 6.
|
fr:
arbitre
|
|
de:
Kampfleiter oder Obmann
|
|
nl:
jurypresident of hoofdsecondant
|
|
|
remise
|
category: bout |
en:
remise
|
a simple and immediate offensive action which follows the
original attack, without withdrawing the arm, after the opponent
has parried or retreated, when the latter has either broken contact
with the blade without riposting or has made a riposte which is
delayed, indirect or compound.
|
fr:
remise
|
action offensive simple immédiate qui suit une première action,
sans retrait de bras, après une parade ou une retraite de l'adversaire,
soit que celui-ci ait abandonné le fer sans riposter,
soit qu'il riposte tardivement, ou indirectement ou en composant.
|
de:
Fortsetzung, Rimesse, Remise
|
einfache unverzögerte Offensivaktion, die einer ersten Offensivaktion
folgt, ohne daß der Arm zurückgezogen wird, nach einer Klingen-
oder Körperparade des Gegners, wenn dieser das Eisen losläßt,
ohne zu ripostieren, oder wenn er nur zögernd oder indirekt oder
zusammengesetzt ripostiert.
|
nl:
remise
|
enkelvoudige aanvallende handeling, onmiddellijk volgend op een eerdere
handeling zonder dat de arm wordt teruggetrokken na een parade of
terugtrekking van de tegenstander hetzij dat deze het ijzer loslaat zonder
riposte hetzij dat hij met vertraging riposteert,
indirect of samengesteld.
|
|
reprise
|
category: bout |
en:
reprise of the attack
|
a new attack executed immediately after a return to the
on-guard position.
|
fr:
reprise d'attaque
|
nouvelle attaque exécutée immédiatement après retour en garde.
|
de:
Wiederaufnahme des Angriffs
|
erneuter Angriff, der unmittelbar nach Rückgang in die Fechtstellung
durchgeführt wird.
|
nl:
hervatting, reprise
|
een nieuwe aanval die wordt uitgevoerd onmiddellijk nadat de stelling
opnieuw is ingenomen.
|
|
rimesse
|
category: bout |
de:
Rimesse
|
sehe Fortsetzung
|
|
riposte
|
category: bout |
en:
riposte
|
The riposte is the offensive action made by the fencer who has
parried the attack.
|
fr:
riposte
|
La riposte est l'action offensive du tireur qui a paré l'attaque.
|
de:
Riposte oder Antwortangriff
|
Die Riposte ist die Offensivaktion des Fechters, der den Angriff
pariert hat.
|
nl:
nasteek of nahouw
|
De riposte is de aanvallende handeling van de schermer die
de aanval heeft geweerd.
|
|
riposte_direct
|
category: bout |
en:
direct riposte
|
Simple direct riposte: a riposte which touches the opponent without
leaving the line in which the parry was made.
Riposte along the blade: a riposte which touches the opponent by
grazing along the blade after the parry.
|
fr:
riposte directe
|
Riposte droite: riposte qui touche l'adversaire sans avoir quitté
la ligne où la parade a été faite.
Riposte sur le fer: riposte qui touche l'adversaire en glissant
sur le fer après la parade.
|
de:
Direkte Riposte
|
Gerade Riposte: Sie trifft den Gegner, ohne die Linie zu verlassen,
in der die Parade genommen wurde.
Riposte am Eisen: Sie trifft den Gegner, ohne nach der Parade den
Kontakt mit der gegnerischen Klinge aufzugeben.
|
nl:
directe riposte
|
|
|
row
|
category: bout |
en:
right of way
|
see priority.
|
de:
Vorfahrt
|
sehe Treffervorrecht.
|
|
simultaneous
|
category: bout |
en:
simultaneous
|
The simulateous action due to simultaneous conception and
execution of an attack by both fencers; in this case the
touches exchanged are annulled for both fencers even if one
of them has been touched (foil) off the target.
|
fr:
action simultanée
|
l'action simultanée est due a la conception
et à l'action simultanée d'attaque des deux tireurs;
dans ce cas, les coups donnés sont
annulés pour les deux tireurs même si l'un d'eux a touché une
surface non valable.
|
de:
Gleichzeitige Aktion
|
Die Gleichzeitige Aktion ist das Ergebnis gleichzeitiger Planung
und Durchführung eines Angriffes von beiden Seiten.
In diesem Fall werden beide Treffer annulliert, auch wenn einer
davon auf ungültiger Trefffläche aufkam.
|
nl:
gelijktijdige actie
|
|
|
target
|
category: bout |
en:
target area
|
|
fr:
surface (valable)
|
|
de:
Trefffläche
|
|
nl:
trefvlak
|
|
|
touch
|
category: bout |
en:
touch
|
|
fr:
touche
|
|
de:
Treffer
|
|
nl:
treffer
|
|
|
valid
|
category: bout |
en:
valid
|
|
fr:
valable
|
|
de:
Gültig
|
|
nl:
geldig
|
|
|
yellow_card
|
category: bout |
en:
yellow card
|
a warning, indicated by a Yellow Card with which the
Referee identifies the fencer at fault. The fencer then knows
that any further offence on his part will result in a penalty touch.
|
fr:
carton jaune
|
l'avertissement, manifesté par un CARTON JAUNE avec lequel l'arbitre
désigne le tireur fautif. Le tireur sait alors que toute
nouvelle faute de sa part entraînera une touche de pénalisation.
|
de:
Gelbe Karte
|
Verwarnung, angezeigt durch eine GELBE KARTE, die der Kampfleiter
dem schuldigen Fechter vorhält. Der Fechter weiß dann, daß jeder
weitere Verstoß, den er begeht, einen Straftreffer zur Folge hat.
|
nl:
gele kaart
|
waarschuwing, aangegeven door een gele kaart waarmee de
jurypresident de schermer in overtreding aanwijst.
De schermer weet dus dat iedere volgende overtreding van hem
een straftreffer tengevolge heeft.
|
|
advance
|
category: footwork |
en:
advance
|
|
fr:
marche
|
|
de:
Schritt vorwärts
|
|
nl:
pas voorwaarts
|
|
|
appel
|
category: footwork |
en:
appel
|
a stamp with the front foot, to confuse the opponent
or to ascertain proper balance.
|
fr:
appel
|
|
de:
Appel
|
|
nl:
appel
|
|
|
balestra
|
category: footwork |
en:
jump-lunge
|
attacking action also known as the italian term balestra
|
fr:
bonde-fente
|
|
de:
Sprung vor-Ausfall
|
|
nl:
sprong voorwaarts-uitval
|
|
|
fleche
|
category: footwork |
en:
fleche or running attack
|
a running attack with a temporary loss of equilibrium by a
forward displacement of the center of gravity.
The French word 'flèche' means arrow.
|
fr:
flèche
|
|
de:
Sturzangriff
|
eine startähnliche Vorwärtsbewegung mit kurzzeitigem Verlust
des Gleichgewichts und kräftigem Abstoß beider Beine.
Nicht jeder liebt das puristische Wort "Sturzangriff" und
bevorzugt 'flèche' (Pfeil).
|
nl:
flèche
|
|
|
glijpas
|
category: footwork |
en:
?
|
|
fr:
?
|
|
de:
Stoppschritt
|
|
nl:
glijpas
|
|
|
jump
|
category: footwork |
en:
jump
|
|
fr:
bonde
|
|
de:
Sprung
|
|
nl:
sprong
|
|
|
lunge
|
category: footwork |
en:
lunge
|
|
fr:
fente (ou botte)
|
|
de:
Ausfall
|
|
nl:
uitval
|
|
|
patinando
|
category: footwork |
en:
advance-lunge
|
attacking action also known as the italian term patinando
|
fr:
marche-fente
|
|
de:
Schritt vor-Ausfall
|
|
nl:
pas voorwaarts-uitval
|
|
|
retreat
|
category: footwork |
en:
retreat
|
|
fr:
retraite
|
|
de:
Schritt rückwärts
|
|
nl:
pas achterwaarts
|
|
|
|
bend_in_blade
|
category: hardware |
en:
bend or curvature (of the blade)
|
|
fr:
flèche (de la lame)
|
|
de:
Durchbiegung (der Klinge)
|
|
nl:
bocht (in de kling)
|
|
|
bib
|
category: hardware |
en:
bib
|
|
fr:
bavette
|
|
de:
Maskenlatz
|
|
nl:
flap
|
|
|
blade
|
category: hardware |
en:
blade
|
|
fr:
lame
|
|
de:
Klinge
|
|
nl:
kling
|
|
|
bodycord
|
category: hardware |
en:
bodycord
|
|
fr:
fil de corps
|
|
de:
Körperkabel
|
|
nl:
lichaamssnoer
|
|
|
button
|
category: hardware |
en:
button
|
|
fr:
bouton
|
|
de:
Spitze
|
|
nl:
punt
|
|
|
centerline
|
category: hardware |
en:
center line
|
one center line must be drawn as a broken line across the
whole width of the strip.
|
fr:
ligne médiane
|
|
de:
Mittellinie
|
|
nl:
middellijn
|
|
|
clothing
|
category: hardware |
en:
clothing
|
|
fr:
habillement
|
|
de:
Bekleidung
|
|
nl:
kleding
|
|
|
cutting_weapon
|
category: hardware |
en:
cutting weapon
|
|
fr:
arme de taille
|
|
de:
Hiebwaffe
|
|
nl:
houwwapen
|
|
|
edge
|
category: hardware |
en:
edge
|
|
fr:
taille
|
|
de:
Schneide
|
|
nl:
scherp
|
|
|
enrouleur
|
category: hardware |
en:
spool
|
|
fr:
enrouleur
|
|
de:
Rolle
|
|
nl:
enrouleur
|
|
|
epee
|
category: hardware |
en:
épée
|
|
fr:
épée
|
|
de:
Degen
|
|
nl:
degen
|
|
|
false-edge
|
category: hardware |
en:
false edge
|
|
fr:
contre-taille
|
|
de:
Rückschneide
|
|
nl:
ruggescherp
|
|
|
foible
|
category: hardware |
en:
foible
|
the foible of the blade is the two-thirds furthest from the guard.
|
fr:
faible
|
|
de:
Schwäche (Klingenschwäche)
|
|
nl:
zwak
|
|
|
foil
|
category: hardware |
en:
foil
|
|
fr:
fleuret
|
|
de:
Florett
|
|
nl:
floret
|
|
|
forte
|
category: hardware |
en:
forte
|
the forte of the blade is the one-third nearest the guard.
|
fr:
fort
|
|
de:
Stärke (Klingenstärke)
|
|
nl:
sterk
|
|
|
gauntlet
|
category: hardware |
en:
gauntlet
|
|
fr:
manchette
|
|
de:
Stulpe
|
|
nl:
manchet
|
|
|
glove
|
category: hardware |
en:
glove
|
|
fr:
gant
|
|
de:
Handschuh
|
|
nl:
handschoen
|
|
|
grip
|
category: hardware |
en:
grip
|
|
fr:
poignée
|
|
de:
Griff
|
|
nl:
greep
|
|
|
groove
|
category: hardware |
en:
groove
|
|
fr:
rainure
|
|
de:
Rille, Klingenrille
|
|
nl:
groef
|
|
|
guard
|
category: hardware |
en:
guard
|
|
fr:
coquille
|
|
de:
Glocke
|
|
nl:
kom
|
|
|
handle
|
category: hardware |
en:
handle
|
|
fr:
fusée
|
|
de:
Heft
|
|
nl:
handgreep
|
|
|
jacket
|
category: hardware |
en:
jacket
|
|
fr:
veste
|
|
de:
Fechtjacke
|
|
nl:
schermvest
|
|
|
knickers
|
category: hardware |
en:
knickers
|
|
fr:
pantalon
|
|
de:
Hose
|
|
nl:
broek
|
|
|
locking_nut
|
category: hardware |
en:
locking nut
|
|
fr:
écrou de serrage
|
|
de:
Spannmutter
|
|
nl:
moer
|
|
|
mask
|
category: hardware |
en:
mask
|
|
fr:
masque
|
|
de:
Maske
|
|
nl:
masker
|
|
|
on_guard_line
|
category: hardware |
en:
on-guard line
|
at 2 meters on each side of the center line.
|
fr:
ligne de mise en garde
|
|
de:
Startlinie
|
|
nl:
stellingslijn
|
|
|
pommel
|
category: hardware |
en:
pommel
|
|
fr:
pommeau
|
|
de:
Knauf
|
|
nl:
knop
|
|
|
rear_line
|
category: hardware |
en:
line at the rear limit
|
at a distance of 7 meters from the center line.
|
fr:
ligne de limite arrière
|
|
de:
Hintere Grenzlinie
|
|
nl:
achterlijn
|
|
|
sabre
|
category: hardware |
en:
sabre
|
|
fr:
sabre
|
|
de:
Säbel
|
|
nl:
sabel
|
|
|
scoring_apparatus
|
category: hardware |
en:
scoring apparatus
|
see electrical recording apparatus.
|
de:
Meldegerät
|
sehe Elektromelder.
|
|
scoring_box
|
category: hardware |
en:
electrical recording apparatus
|
|
fr:
appareil électrique
|
|
de:
Elektromelder
|
|
nl:
apparaat
|
|
|
socket
|
category: hardware |
en:
socket
|
|
fr:
prise de courant
|
|
de:
Stecker
|
|
nl:
contrasteker
|
|
|
socks
|
category: hardware |
en:
socks
|
|
fr:
chaussettes
|
|
de:
Strümpfe
|
|
nl:
kousen
|
|
|
strip
|
category: hardware |
en:
strip
|
That portion of the field of play which is used for fencing
is called the strip.
|
fr:
piste
|
La partie du terrain destinée au combat s'appelle la piste.
|
de:
Fechtbahn oder Bahn
|
Der für den Kampf bestimmte Teil des Fechtbodens heißt Fechtbahn.
|
nl:
loper
|
|
|
tang
|
category: hardware |
en:
tang
|
|
fr:
soie
|
|
de:
Angel
|
|
nl:
angel
|
|
|
tenue
|
category: hardware |
en:
clothing
|
|
fr:
tenue
|
|
de:
Anzug
|
|
nl:
kleding
|
|
|
thrusting_weapon
|
category: hardware |
en:
thrusting weapon
|
|
fr:
arme d'estoc
|
|
de:
Stoßwaffe
|
|
nl:
steekwapen
|
|
|
corps_a_corps
|
category: misc |
en:
corps à corps
|
Corps à corps is said to exist when the two competitors are in
physical contact; when this occurs the Referee must stop the bout.
|
fr:
corps à corps
|
Le corps à corps existe lorsque les deux adversaires sont en contact;
dans ce cas, le combat est arrêté par l'arbitre
|
de:
Körper an Körper
|
Körper an Körper liegt vor, wenn die beiden Fechter Körperkontakt
haben. In diesem Fall wird der Kampf durch den Kampfleiter unterbrochen.
|
nl:
corps à corps
|
|
|
in_fighting
|
category: misc |
en:
in-fighting or close quarters
|
The fight at close quarters, usually indicating a distance of less
than a blade's length between the fencers.
For the thrusting weapons the length of the blade becomes an
encumbrance, so usually the hand is held very high or very low,
allowing near-vertical thrusts.
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fr:
combat rapproché
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de:
Nahkampf
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nl:
gevecht van nabij
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lateral_boundaries
|
category: misc |
en:
lateral boundaries
|
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fr:
limite latérale
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de:
Seitliche Begrenzung
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nl:
zijgrens
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maitre
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category: misc |
en:
master, maestro, fencing master
|
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fr:
maitre d'escrime
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de:
Fechtmeister
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nl:
schermleraar
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measure
|
category: misc |
en:
measure or distance
|
The distance between the fencers.
German terminology distinguishes near, middle and wide distance.
In French terminology the word is often used to indicate
"critical" measure: lunging distance.
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fr:
mesure ou distance
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de:
Mensur oder Abstand
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nl:
afstand
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beat-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
beat parry
|
Parry executed with a crisp beat against the incoming blade, thus
deflecting it.
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fr:
tac, parade du ~
|
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de:
Schlagparade
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nl:
slagwering
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|
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ceding_parry
|
category: parry |
en:
ceding or yielding parry
|
Parry used against bind thrusts. It consists of not offering
resistance to the bind, but, maintaining blade contact, rotating
the point to a line diagonally opposite to that in which the thrust
was directed.
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fr:
cedant, parade ~
|
|
de:
Zedierungsparade oder Nachgebungsparade
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nl:
toegevende wering
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circular-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
circular parry or counter-parry
|
Parry that ends in the same line as it began, the point describing
a circle, thus deflecting the incoming blade.
|
fr:
contre, parade de
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de:
Kreisparade oder Kontraparade
|
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nl:
kringwering
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|
|
counter-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
counter-parry
|
see circular parry.
|
de:
Kontraparade
|
sehe Kreisparade.
|
|
diagonal-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
diagonal parry
|
Parry that travels from the inside low to the outside high (7 to 6)
or the reverse, or 8 to 4 or its reverse.
Some authors call this a semicircular parry as well.
|
fr:
diagonal, parade ~
|
|
de:
Diagonalparade
|
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nl:
diagonale wering
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|
esquive
|
category: parry |
en:
displacement, "parry" by ~, dodging
|
Not really a parry, but a removal of the target area,
usually combined with a counterattack.
See rassemblement, inquartata, passato sotto.
The Rules state: Displacing the target and ducking are allowed
even if during the action the unarmed hand comes into contact
with the strip.
|
fr:
esquive
|
|
de:
Körperparade, Ausweichbewegung
|
Keine richtige Parade, aber eine Entziehung der Trefffläche,
normalerweise zusammen mit einem Gegenangriff.
Die Übersetzung Körperparade ist umstritten.
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nl:
lichaamswering
|
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|
inquartata
|
category: parry |
en:
inquartata
|
one of the esquives:
a counterattack with opposition in 4th, with the left (for a
right-handed fencer) leg extended backwards and about 45 degrees
to the right, thus effectively displacing the target.
|
fr:
inquartata
|
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de:
Inquartata
|
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nl:
inquartata
|
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|
lateral-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
lateral parry
|
Parry that travels from the inside to the outside
or the reverse, staying high or low, so between 6th and 4th
or between 8th and 7th.
|
fr:
lateral, parade ~
|
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de:
Lateralparade
|
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nl:
laterale wering, dwarswering
|
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|
neuvième
|
category: parry |
en:
parry 9
|
For foil or epee: unusual parry that protects the back,
similar to the sabre septime,
sometimes used after a (missed) running attack.
|
fr:
neuvième
|
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de:
Parade 9
|
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nl:
wering 9
|
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|
octave
|
category: parry |
en:
octave
|
Parry that covers the outside low line, hand supinated.
|
fr:
octave
|
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de:
Oktav
|
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nl:
wering 8
|
|
|
opposing_parry
|
category: parry |
en:
opposing parry or blocking parry
|
Parry executed by opposing the incoming blade, strong against weak.
|
fr:
opposition, parade en ~
|
|
de:
Bindungsparade
|
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nl:
wering door lijn sluiten
|
|
|
passato_sotto
|
category: parry |
en:
passato sotto
|
one of the esquives:
a counterthrust in low line combined with a kind of reverse lunge
and a forward lowering of the body, possibly with the unarmed hand
on the floor for extra balance.
|
fr:
botte de nuit
|
|
de:
Passato sotto
|
|
nl:
passato sotto
|
|
|
prime
|
category: parry |
en:
prime
|
Parry that covers the inside low line, hand pronated.
|
fr:
prime
|
|
de:
Prime
|
|
nl:
wering 1
|
|
|
quart
|
category: parry |
en:
quart
|
Parry that covers the inside high line, hand pronated.
|
fr:
quarte
|
|
de:
Quart
|
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nl:
wering 4
|
|
|
quint
|
category: parry |
en:
quint or fifth
|
For foil or epee: parry that covers the inside high line, hand supinated.
For sabre: parry that protects the head, hand on the outside.
|
fr:
quinte
|
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de:
Quint
|
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nl:
wering 5
|
|
|
rassemblement
|
category: parry |
en:
reassemblement
|
the withdrawal of the front foot until it touches the left foot,
usually combined with a counterattack (in epee).
Sometimes this term also used for any closing of the feet,
either during an advance or as part of the salute.
|
fr:
rassemblement
|
|
de:
Rassemblement
|
|
nl:
rassemblement
|
|
|
second
|
category: parry |
en:
second
|
Parry that covers the outside low line, hand pronated.
|
fr:
seconde
|
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de:
Sekond
|
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nl:
wering 2
|
|
|
semicircle-parry
|
category: parry |
en:
semicircular parry or half circular parry
|
Parry that stays in the inside or outside, but going from the high
to the low, or the reverse, so between 6 and 8 or 4 and 7.
Some authors include the diagonal parries.
|
fr:
demicercle, parade de ~
|
|
de:
Halbkreisparade
|
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nl:
boogwering
|
|
|
septime
|
category: parry |
en:
septime
|
For foil or epee: parry that covers the inside low line, hand supinated.
For sabre: unusual parry that protects the back, blade pointing down,
mainly useful for sabre on horseback.
|
fr:
septime
|
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de:
Septim
|
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nl:
wering 7
|
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|
sixte
|
category: parry |
en:
sixte
|
For foil or epee: parry that covers the outside high line, hand supinated.
For sabre: parry that protects the head, hand on the inside.
|
fr:
sixte
|
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de:
Sixt
|
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nl:
wering 6
|
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|
tierce
|
category: parry |
en:
tierce or third
|
Parry that covers the outside high line, hand pronated.
|
fr:
tierce
|
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de:
Terz
|
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nl:
wering 3
|
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